Medicines
Medicines
Medicines And Vaccines:
Classes of Drugs:
| Class of Drug | Application | Example | Notes |
| Antipyretics | Reduce body temperature | Aspirin, Paracetamol (acetaminophen) | Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override an increase in temperature. Taking antipyretics in empty stomach can cause ulcer. |
| Analesics | Relieve pain | Paracetamol,Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Morphine | Some antipyretics act as analgesics as well. Some narcotics (heroin,morphine, marijuana) can also act as analgesics. |
| Tranquilizers | Induce sedation | Barbiturates, Antihistamines | Sedatives cause sleep, poor judgement, and slow reflexes. Excessive use can cause unconsciousness and even death. |
| Antiseptics | Reduce possibility of infection | Boric acid, Hydrogen Peroxide, Iodine | Antiseptics are applied externally to living tissue. Antiseptics also reduce body odour caused due to bacterial decomposition. They are used in breath fresheners and deodorants. |
| Antibiotics | Kill bacteria | Penicillin, Gramicidin, Amoxicillin, Streptomycin | An antibiotic is defined as a substance produced by a microorganisms that kills other microorganisms. Antibiotics are considered life-saving drugs. |
| Diuretics | Increases rate of urination | Amiloride, Triamterene | |
| Vasodilators | Widen blood vessels | Histamine, Nitric Oxide | These decrease blood pressure and increase blood flow. |
| Vasoconstrictors | Narrow blood vessels; Staunch blood loss due to haemorrhage | Antihistamines, Cocaine, LSD, Caffeine | These increase blood pressure and decrease blood flow. These make skin look paler because less blood reaches the skin. |
| Anaesthetics | Cause loss of sensation | Cocaine, Nitrous Oxide, Hailothane | General anaesthetics cause a loss of consciousness. Local anaesthetics cause loss of sensation in a specific part of the body. |
| Antifungals | Fungal diseases like ringworm, athlete;s foot, meningitis | Ketoconazole, Benzoic Acid, Neem Seed Oil, Tea Tree Oil | Since both fungi and human cells are eukaryotes, the possibility of side effects is higher than in anti-bacterial drugs (like antibiotics) |
| Antivirals (Antiretrovirals) | Inhibit growth of virus | Zedovudine,Lamivudine | Unlike antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy target microbes but only inhibit their growth. Designing antiviral drugs is difficult |
because virus use host's cells to replicate. Some virus, like influenza and HIV, mutate rapidly, which means they can be treated with antivirals only and not be prevented by vaccines. Antiretrovirals are a subclass of antivirals that treat retroviruses such as HIV. |
Students / Parents Reviews [10]
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Barkha Arora
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Aman Kumar Shrivastava
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Manish Kumar
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Om Umang
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Cheshta
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